Kiliani-fischer Synthesis of Monosaccharides

Kiliani-fischer Synthesis of Monosaccharides Teoh Shi Hao Sean Presentation Monosaccharides are the most fundamental unit of starches, assuming a basic job in the organic chemistry of life. The most significant and regularly happening structure is glucose, utilized as a vitality source in cells (Solomon et al., 2011). Monosaccharides have the synthetic recipe (CH2O)n (where n 3) yet those with at least eight carbons are remarkable because of their characteristic precariousness (Solomon et al., 2011; McMurry, 2008). In a monosaccharide particle, every carbon molecule has a hydroxyl bunch attached to it, aside from one which has an oxygen iota twofold clung to it rather hence shaping a carbonyl gathering (Solomon et al., 2011). The monosaccharide is an aldehyde if the carbonyl gathering is situated toward the finish of the chain, and a ketone if the carbonyl gathering is situated at some other position. Monosaccharides can exist in non-cyclic or cyclic structures, and normally switch between the two structures (McMurry, 2008). The Kiliani-Fischer amalgamation is a strategy for protracting these significant biomolecules. System Figure 1 beneath shows the response condition of the method. A beginning sugar is first responded with sodium cyanide to shape cyanohydrin, and thusly hydrolysed through the utilization of warmth to frame two diastereomeric aldonic corrosive lactone intermediates. These intermediates are later isolated through division procedures, for example, chromatography, and the ideal lactone is decreased utilizing a sodium amalgam to shape a resultant sugar that has one carbon iota more than the beginning sugar. In this composed audit, the beginning sugar will be an aldopentose and the resultant sugar will be an aldohexose. Figure 1 †Reaction condition of the Kiliani-Fischer blend (Kilini-Fischer combination, 2014; Fischer, 1890). Nucleophilic expansion of aldehyde to shape cyanohydrin The first step in Quite a while Fischer blend includes nucleophilic expansion of the beginning sugar, an aldehyde. NaCN and H2O are utilized as reagents (McMurry, 2008). Figure 2 underneath shows the system of the response. A solitary pair on a CN particle starts the response by assaulting the nucleophilic carbon iota at the carbonyl gathering, shaping a tetrahedral halfway. The O at that point assaults the H particle of a H2O atom, framing a cyanohydrin. Figure 2 †Reaction of beginning sugar to shape cyanohydrin. Hydrolysis of cyanohydrin to shape aldonic corrosive The second step in Kiliani-Fischer union includes the hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin to shape aldonic corrosive (McMurry, 2008). H2O is utilized as the reagent, with heat applied. Figure 3 underneath shows the component of the response. The solitary pair on the O of OH, shaped by the auto-ionization of water, assaults the nucleophilic C of the cyanohydrin framing a trigonal planar structure. The solitary pair on the N at that point assaults a H of a H2O particle, trailed by the twofold obligation of C=N assaulting the H molecule clung to the OH gathering. The resultant atom is an amide. An OH particle at that point assaults the nucleophilic carbon at the carbonyl gathering, framing a tetrahedral middle of the road that crumples with NH2 leaving as a leaving gathering. An aldonic corrosive atom is shaped. Figure 3 †Hydrolysis of cyanohydrin to frame aldonic corrosive. Esterification of aldonic corrosive to frame lactone middle of the road and ensuing decrease to shape resultant sugar With a similar reagent of H2O and states of warmth, the aldonic corrosive delivered from the hydrolysis of cyanohydrin experiences esterification to frame lactone intermediates (McMurry, 2008). Figure 4 underneath shows the system of the response. A solitary pair on the O at the carbonyl gathering of COOH assaults a proton created by the auto-ionization of water. The tautomer of the subsequent middle of the road has a nucleophilic carbon, C1, which is assaulted by a solitary pair present on the OH bunch on the opposite finish of the aldonic corrosive chain. The electrons from the O-H obligation of the assaulting OH bunch is pulled back by the O+, and the subsequent proton is assaulted by a solitary pair on the OH bunch appended to C1. The solitary pair from the O of the other OH bunch joined to C1 structures a second bond among C and O, and a H2O particle leaves as a leaving gathering. The electrons from the O-H bond at that point shapes a second bond among C and O, and a proton leav es. A lactone halfway is framed. At last, the lactone middle is decreased utilizing a sodium amalgam, Na(Hg), to shape the resultant aldohexose monosaccharide (McMurry, 2008). Reagents utilized are sodium amalgam and sulphuric corrosive, in cool arrangement (Fischer, 1890). Figure 5 beneath shows the response condition. The specific instrument of decrease by sodium amalgam is obscure as of right now (Keck et al., 1994). Figure 4 †Esterification of aldonic corrosive to frame lactone halfway. Figure 5 †Reduction of aldonic corrosive to resultant sugar. History and advancement The Kiliani-Fischer combination is named after German scientists Heinrich Kiliani and Hermann Emil Fischer. Its unique reason for existing was to explain every one of the 16 stereoisomers of aldohexoses, as accomplished by Fischer. Key disclosures that to the advancement of this method included: (1) Louis Pasteur’s understanding that the â€Å"molecule of tartaric corrosive came in two structures that were reflect images†, or isomers, of each other, and that every one of these isomers pivoted captivated light in various ways (Wagner, 2004, p.240), (2) Jacobus H. van’t Hoff’s and J. A. Le Bel’s understanding of the â€Å"concept of an uneven carbon atom†, that isomers of mixes exist in spite of indistinguishable concoction formulae on account of topsy-turvy carbon particles, and the connection among stereochemistry and optical action (Wagner, 2004, p.240), and (3) Fischer’s production of phenylhydrazine, a reagent that responds with sug ar atoms to frame osazones. Before the disclosure of this method, moderately little was thought about the basic properties of monosaccharides. It was hard to consider monosaccharides on account of their â€Å"tendency to frame syrups instead of solids that could be broken down and solidified easily† (Wagner, 2004). In any case, Fischer found phenylhydrazine which when responded with aldonic acids (shaped by oxidation of sugars) structures osazones (Kunz, 2002). These sugar subordinates could be confined effectively through crystallization, and had physical structures that could be recognized from each other (Kunz, 2002). Their resulting examination permitted Fischer to recognize and isolate isomers of the monosaccharides (Wagner, 2004). The aldonic corrosive can be recovered by expansion of baryta water, or watery arrangement of barium hydroxide, to the isolated osazone (Fischer, 1890). The then refined aldonic corrosive can be dissipated to change into welling-taking shape lactone for additional investi gation (Fischer, 1890). Utilizing this procedure, Fischer found that two unmistakable monosaccharides, D-glucose and D-mannose, yield the equivalent osazone on the grounds that osazone arrangement obliterates the asymmetry about C2 without influencing the remainder of the particle (Wagner, 2004). Besides, the lactones of D-glucose and D-mannose turned enraptured light in various ways. All things considered, he reasoned that D-glucose and D-mannose have indistinguishable structures yet were identical representations of each other (Wagner, 2004). Be that as it may, their definite structures were as yet obscure. In 1886, Kiliani found a strategy to stretch the carbon chain of a natural particle, utilizing cyanide as a reagent to frame cyanohydrin (McMurry, 2012). Fischer understood the capability of this revelation in propelling the investigation of sugars, including an extra advance to change over the cyanohydrin nitrile bunch into an aldehyde (McMurry, 2012). Along these lines, the Kiliani-Fischer blend was made. This new procedure permitted Fischer to investigate further into the stereoisomerism of monosaccharides and proceed off where he last halted †that D-glucose and D-mannose were stereoisomers yet of obscure structures. Applications Explanation of aldohexose stereoisomers Figure 5 on the correct shows the general structure of an aldohexose. So as to apply the Kiliani-Fischer union in the clarification of aldohexose stereoisomers, Fischer needed to initially make a beginning suspicion that the â€OH gathering of D-glucose at C5 was on the correct side (Wagner, 2004). L-arabinose is an aldopentose having five carbon particles. Its accurate structure had been deciphered by Fischer, and is topsy-turvy at C2, C3 and Câ ­4 as appeared in Figure 6 on the right. Fischer found that the Kiliani-Fischer amalgamation changed over L-arabinose into both D-glucose and D-mannose (Wagner, 2004). This hence suggested D-glucose and D-mannose had a similar arrangement about C3, C4 and C5 as the undifferentiated from carbons in L-arabinose (C2, C3 and C4 individually) (Wagner, 2004). This understanding drove Fischer to utilize L-arabinose related to D-glucose and D-mannose as materials for additional examination. Fischer found that oxidizing L-arabinose made an item that was optically dynamic (Wagner, 2004). On the off chance that the beginning presumption made by Fischer was valid, at that point this inferred the â€OH bunch at C2 in L-arabinose (and along these lines C3 in D-glucose and D-mannose) must be on the left side or the item would be optically inert (Wagner, 2004). Next, Fischer confirmed that oxidizing D-glucose and D-mannose brought about dicarboxylic acids that were optically dynamic (Wagner, 2004). This suggested the â€OH bunch at C4 in D-glucose and D-mannose (and along these lines C3 in L-arabinose) must be on the correct side or the item would be optically latent (Wagner, 2004). At long last, Fischer found that oxidizing D-gulose brought about a similar dicarboxylic corrosive as that of D-glucose (Wagner, 2004). Through rationale, Fischer understood this suggested the â€OH bunch at C2 in D-glucose must be on the correct side. Sorting out all the data, Fischer at last decided the specific structure of D-glucose and D-mannose, as appeared in Figure 7 underneath.

The condition known as delirium

The condition known as wooziness Presentation This task will inspect the condition known as insanity and will concentrate on a clinical contextual investigation (it would be ideal if you see addendum 1. for the full review of the clinical contextual investigation) of a refined man called Halim* who has introduced in the crisis division with his two little girls. This task will be isolated into two particular parts; the initial segment of this task will give a clinical outline of wooziness and will investigate what the condition is, the regular highlights, clinical causes and intercessions accessible to oversee and treat the condition. This will give the peruser a comprehension of the segments that comprise the state of insanity. The second piece of the task will at that point center around setting the procured information on incoherence on to the clinical contextual investigation of Halim so an increasingly nitty gritty clinical investigation can be finished; with center being put around the job of the professional and their intercessions in tending to the key issues. *To ensure and regard customer secrecy the sum total of what names have been changed and any recognizable information controlled with the end goal of this task. Wooziness Clinical Overview Wooziness, additionally now and then alluded to as an intense confusional state, is a typical clinical condition that presents with people encountering unsettling influences in cognizance, intellectual capacity and discernment, which has an intense beginning and fluctuating course (NICE, 2010). The significant clinical trait of a wooziness is that the beginning is very fast; it might introduce and create inside an exceptionally brief timeframe, for the most part through the span of a couple of hours or days (Brown Boyle, 2002). It isn't extraordinary for a person to present to clinic settings with manifestations of wooziness and recognize that people who as of now are medical clinic inpatients or in a consideration setting may likewise create ridiculousness; it is a condition that navigates the inpatient and network settings. Writing recommends that there are two kinds of daze; hypoactive ridiculousness is described by people encountering withdrawal, torpidity, introspection and lethargy while individuals with hyperactive insanity have uplifted excitement, anxiety, fomentation and hostility (NICE, 2010). There is additionally a third variety where people may encounter a blend of both hyper and hypoactive side effects which can make determination troublesome. It is proposed that incoherence can regularly be confused with dementia, declining of prior intellectual issues and mature age; anyway wooziness is a clinical disorder that contrasts from these different conditions as it is the abrupt and intense beginning that will in general change over the span of the day that distinguishes it as insanity as opposed to some other issue (Meagher, 2001). It is accounted for oftentimes inside the writing (Wong et al., 2010; NICE, 2010; Meagher, 2001; Brown Boyle, 2002; Cole, 2004 and Siddiqi House, 2006) that patients with daze experience a decreased capacity to center and concentrate; perceptual unsettling influences which incorporates fancies, distrustfulness and mental trips; variances in introduction; trouble in following discussion or bearing; meandering aimlessly or evolving theme; disrupted reasoning and aggravations in cognizance. Notwithstanding these clinical side effects there likewise might be disposition unsettling influences and changes in neurological introduction with people encountering changes in muscle tone, tremor and automatic snapping (Map of Medicine, 2011). Ridiculousness happens because of hidden physical pathology (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and in spite of the fact that side effects may present as manifestations of psychological maladjustment the condition itself has started as a rule from a fundamental contamination, ailment or occasion that has affected on the people physical wellbeing status (Wong et al., 2010). Instances of potential foundations for ridiculousness incorporate; hypovolaemic stun, cardiovascular disappointment, myocardial localized necrosis, head injury, seizure, metabolic clutters, for example, liver or renal disappointment, liquid and electrolyte awkwardness, disease, harm, drying out, post usable state, torment, blockage or urinary maintenance. Notwithstanding these normal causes ridiculousness may likewise be initiated by people encountering entanglements from sedate associations and withdrawal; and remembered for this is recommended meds, unlawful medications and liquor (Map of Medicine, 2010). Insanity is an intense condition and it can't be disparaged as the death rate for people is high considerably after release from emergency clinic for as long as a year (McCusker et al., 2002), different entanglements from wooziness additionally incorporate patients remaining longer in medical clinic which implies they are presented longer to medical clinic procured diseases, tenacious subjective deficiencies and an expanded danger of the individual being released into private consideration as opposed to come back to living freely are likewise factors (Wong et al., 2010). With the indications of incoherence introducing as the beginning of an intense psychological maladjustment it is feasible for discussion to emerge regarding which clinical group ought to be liable for the administration of the patient; furthermore; considering the proof introduced; it would be simple for the person with insanity to be disregarded or not be researched for the explanations for the beginning of the condition which is most likely why the death rate is so high; hidden states of being that are not surveyed, treated or oversaw will keep on influencing the wellbeing status of the person. Factually the greater part of wooziness cases go unrecognized by wellbeing experts (Inouye et al., 1998). Counteraction of wooziness is more powerful than treating it once it has created (Brown Boyle, 2002) subsequently it is significant for social insurance experts to know about the hazard elements, indications and reasons for ridiculousness for people under their consideration either in clinic or in the network. On the off chance that wooziness has just grown, at that point it is the duty of the medicinal services group to deal with the condition rapidly and proficiently to decrease further issues and troubles for the individual; perceiving the death rates related with a determination of ridiculousness ought to encourage productivity. To help with getting a more clear clinical viewpoint of daze and the effect it has on an individual a clinical contextual analysis will currently be investigated. Halim Clinical Exploration Halim was admitted to the crisis division and when the clinical history was acquired from his little girls it was distinguished that there had been a quick change in his psychological status which had been seen inside a 24 hour time span as his girl had not been made aware of any worries when she had addressed him the past night. Considering the proof it is feasible for professionals now to consider that Halim has built up an intense condition, for example, wooziness and the following stage is to investigate this further. On consummation of the essential perceptions it was apparent that there are physical variations from the norm present. From visual perception of the patient it is clear he has modified mental status, dry skin and broke lips. From clinical estimation of pulse, circulatory strain, temperature and oxygen immersion levels, there is additional proof of physical variations from the norm that may add to changes in intellectual capacity to such an intense degree. Getting clinical history frequently includes data being looked for from outsiders to help clinical discoveries especially if the patient is hindered intellectually. Halims girls had the option to give a record of a man of honor who had encountered conjugal issues and separation because of liquor abuse and proof remains that he keeps on devouring liquor consistently. Notwithstanding this there is a history detailed of Halim disregarding his eating routine to the degree his little girls give food to him when they visit, he likewise takes part in wellbeing restricting practices by smoking and expending significant levels of caffeine every day. The history acquired from Halims girls distinguishes a man of honor who is effectively independently employed, he has diversions and interests in spite of the fact that his interpersonal organization has diminished and in spite of the fact that he takes part in wellbeing constraining practices, for example, smoking, drinking liquor and ignoring his dietary needs; he includes stayed free inside his own home. The proof recommends there has been an intense change and with this data and the clinical proof showing Halim is encountering tachycardia, high temperature, hypotension and drying out the clinical proof gives a solid sign that he is encountering indications of wooziness. Further examinations are required to increase a more noteworthy comprehension of what physical changes have happened with the goal that hidden causes are dealt with, anyway the professional should set aside some effort to disclose to the relatives what tests are being finished and what the clinical group are treating Halim for. The family should be troubled by the progressions to their dad and by imparting the results of the appraisal and reacting to any inquiries they may have will be helpful as it is accounted for that the experience of incoherence is alarming for both the patient and their carers and the estimation of consolation can't be belittled (Mohta et al., 2003; Jacobson Schreibman, 1997). Overseeing Halim as far as getting his agree to consent to treatment and examinations might be troublesome as a result of the degree of intellectual change and in light of the fact that his comprehension and judgment might be weakened in view of the ridiculousness; along these lines it is significant that the expert and family know about lawful structures and emergency clinic approaches that are set up to guarantee the privileges of all gatherings are being ensured. A case of this would be specialists being comfortable with the medical clinics insanity strategy, being knowledgeable in patients rights and by knowing about enactment, for example, the Mental Capacity Act (The St

An Analysis of The selling of Joseph by Benjamin Franklin †American Literature Essay (200 level Course)

An Analysis of The selling of Joseph by Benjamin Franklin †American Literature Essay (200 level Course) Free Online Research Papers An Analysis of The selling of Joseph by Benjamin Franklin American Literature Essay (200 level Course) There is no uncertainty that subjugation is one of humankind’s most exceedingly terrible encounters. People have been rehearsing subjugation for a considerable length of time. From the enormous Roman Empire to the little realms of Asia and Africa, subjection was a typical and satisfactory practice. In every one of these social orders slaves were customarily kept and utilized as local hirelings and it was likewise a sign of influence and riches, however they were not utilized for business gains. Things changed with the revelation of the New World, the requirement for snappy and modest work expanded. Benjamin Franklin’s parody on the barrier of subjugation bodes well. He puts together his contention with respect to religion, riches, affability and influence. His utilization of Divan of Algiers to additionally represent his point was a decent and legitimate thought. The Divan utilizes this focuses to contend that subjugation in reality is useful for the continuation of their development. The Divan dreaded the fall of Authority if servitude somehow happened to be canceled. Religion has been utilized a great deal of times to legitimize the progression of subjection and the slave exchange. This is additionally exhibited in Franklin’s letter. Franklin composes that the divan of Algiers stresses that by bringing or catching slaves they are cultivating and indicating them the light of God. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ is their condition at that point aggravated by their falling into our hands? No; they have just traded one subjection for another, and I may state better; for they are brought into a land where the sun of Islamism gives forward its light also, sparkles in full wonder, and they have a chance of making themselves Familiar with the genuine principle, and In this manner sparing their unfading souls†¦ â€Å" (Franklin 759) The divan of Algiers insists that subjugation is useful for the supposed â€Å"infidels† and their imprisonment is acceptable in light of the fact that it causes them become better people and Muslims simultaneously. He likewise raises focuses that aren’t the people and Muslims simultaneously. He additionally raises focuses that aren’t the people as of now slaves from any place they originate from? (Franklin 759). This is valid since a large portion of the individuals the Algerians were catching were mariners from European boats and the Algerian accepted that they were slaves since they got treated terrible by the boat proprietors. The Divan proposes that the prisoners are simply changing starting with one bondage then onto the next better one. Religion was utilized wherever with all due respect of bondage. The divan was by all account not the only individual to utilize religion to his guard, the lord of Bonny (presently the Nigerian Delta) additionally utilized r eligion to legitimize subjugation. The British announced all subjection being illicit and this constrained the lord to react, â€Å"†¦we figure this exchange must go on. That is the decision of our prophet and ministers. They state that our nation anyway extraordinary, can never stop the exchange however god himself†¦.† (The Story of Africa 2). The creator Phillis Whetley in one of her sonnets likewise adulated servitude â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦twas kindness that brought me from my agnostic land†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Whitley 1104). The utilization of religion to contend on servitude was a typical practice and Franklin displayed it to us utilizing the Divan. The Divan didn't utilize religion just, he additionally utilized financial aspects or riches as motivation to attempt further his contentions. The Divan attempted to represent that by abrogating servitude, the legislature and its kin will lose a great deal of cash and things will be more terrible. The land they possess will lessen in worth and there will be nobody to develop the ranches. The legislature will lose a great deal of cash and it won't have the option to pay its residents for whatever misfortune they have acquired (Franklin 759). The legislature will likewise lose the greater part of its incomes from the slaves proprietors. This financial contention was likewise utilized by a ton by the manor proprietors in the Americas. Franklin’s Divan attempted to convince the board that the nation ‘s economy will be in ruins in the event that they do feel free to allow the captives to free. His contention is legitimate and bodes well when you look it in a monetary viewpoint. The Divan expresses that the slave being sub-par and oblivious, won't have the option to set up great government and oversee themselves â€Å"†¦but they are, I question, excessively minimal arranged to work without impulse, just as too uninformed to even think about establishing a decent government†¦.† (Franklin 759) The divan contends that the slaves will be dealt with decently and better on the off chance that they remained. Franklin’s divan was not by any means the only one to be worried about the eventual fate of liberated slaves, Samuel Sewall who stood up against bondage likewise gave some worry on what will occur if the slaves in America were liberated. In his commemoration â€Å"The selling of Joseph† Seawall says about that â€Å"†¦. few can persevere through Negro being liberated, and without a doubt they would seldom be able to utilize their freedom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Seawall 414). Seawall’s proclamations proceeds to show that despite the fact that he was a pre-abolitionist he was not really a supporter of an incorporated society as was the Dian of Algiers. To finish up Franklin’s utilization of the Divan’s contention appeared well and good since we could contrast the Algerians with the estate proprietors in the Americas. Subjugation is awful there is no uncertainty about that yet I do concur with the Divan’s a4rgument with regards to its financial aspects. The entire contention goes in a new direction and bodes well despite the fact that it is such a poorly conceived notion. Franklin plainly delineates and parodies the Divan’s contention. The focuses are clear and straightforward notwithstanding being such a hard theme. By and large the contention bodes well and it is legitimate. The main thing it misses is it doesn't think about the sentiments and assessments of the slaves. Franklin unmistakably works superbly disclosing bondage to us through the Divan. Franklin, Benjamin from â€Å"On the slave Trade† The Heath collection of American Literature, Vol. I. third ed. Paul Lauter. Bostson: Houghton, 1998.758-760. Seawall, Samuel from â€Å"The Selling of Joseph† The Heath collection of American Literature, Vol. I. third ed. Paul Lauter. Bostson: Houghton, 1998.413-418. World Service, BBC from â€Å"The story of Africa† BBC World Service site (bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/highlights/storyofafrica) London: 05-23-2001 Wheatley, Phillis from â€Å"On being brought from Africa† The Heath collection of American Literature, Vol. I. third ed. Paul Lauter. Bostson: Houghton, 1998.1104. Research Papers on An Analysis of The selling of Joseph by Benjamin Franklin - American Literature Essay (200 level Course)19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

How to Prep for the GMAT or GRE (and Which Test to Take)

document.createElement('audio'); http://media.blubrry.com/admissions_straight_talk/p/www.accepted.com/IV_with_arthur_ahn.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | TuneIn | SpotifyIf you have the GMAT or GRE in your future, then you’ve most certainly heard of Kaplan Test Prep. Trying to figure out which test to take? Getting ready for test day? This podcast episode is for you! Listen to the full recording of our podcast interview with Arthur Ahn, Senior Manager, Product Development at Kaplan Test Prep for the GRE and the GMAT for some great insight into test prep, test taking and what matters to admissions committees. 00:01:00 – Linda answers the oft-asked question: â€Å"I got accepted to School X. Should I attend?† 00:05:03 – The test prep biz: Instructing students, but not as the enemy. 00:06:23 – What Kaplan offers future GMAT and GRE test-takers. 00:08:28 – GMAT vs GRE: Differences in prepping test taking. 00:16:04 – Why a low GRE score is the biggest application killer (by far). 00:22:31 – Is it the total GRE Score, or section scores, that make it or break it. 00:28:32 – Arthur’s top 3 GRE prep tips. 00:30:34 – How to make the big GMAT vs GRE decision. 00:34:20 – Too early to assess: Do applicants with lower scores have a better chance of admissions with one test over the other? 00:39:12 – Why most b-schools don’t really care yet about GMAT IR section scores. 00:47:25 – Last minute advice for exam takers. *Theme music is courtesy of podcastthemes.com. Related Links: †¢Ã‚  Kaplan Survey: Two Years After its Launch, a Majority of Business Schools Still Not Sold on the Importance of the GMAT’s ® Integrated Reasoning Section; Most Deem it Unimportant, but Students Ignore it at their Own Risk †¢Ã‚  What’s the Biggest Graduate School Admissions Application Killer? A Low GRE ® Score, According to Kaplan’s 2014 Survey of Admissions Officers †¢ GRE ® Test Takers Are Successful in MBA Programs †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  www.kaptest.com †¢ Kaplan GRE  Prep on Twitter †¢Ã‚  Kaplan GMAT  Prep on Twitter Related Shows: †¢Ã‚  Bruce DelMonico on The Yale School of Management †¢Ã‚  Chris Ryan of Manhattan GMAT on What MBA Applicants  Need to Know †¢Ã‚  Kisses of Death for your Grad School Application Subscribe to Admissions Straight Talk: hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'e47f6e09-76b2-4b02-bc17-62552b75dc6a', {});

Critical Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants - 923 Words

Mikhail Shimonov Professor Kaufman March 28, 2011 Critical Analysis of Hills like White Elephants At first glance, Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, may allude to many interpretations, however, the short story has a clear purpose. Set in the Ebro River valley in Spain, the story looms around the issue brought forth by Jig and the American, who is nameless throughout the whole story. The issue here being the ‘simple operation’ that Jig is about to undergo which happens to be an abortion. Set in the early 1920s, the idea of abortion is as irrational and controversial as today’s ongoing debate over gay marriage. Although the term abortion is never used in the story, the imagery Hemingway uses along with the language and†¦show more content†¦This is foreshadowed perfectly in the beginning of the short story with the station being â€Å"between two lines of rails in the sun† – one directing towards childbirth, while the other track guiding to abort (1). Confronted with two conclusi ons with a man pushing for you to take one over the other allows for a climactic ending – one that is not revealed. Consequently, one can also say that she was leaning in the Americans cause for she was drinking alcohol – a known derivative of an unhealthy child – a child resembling the â€Å"shadow of a cloud moving across the field of grain† (2). Ultimately, Hills like White Elephants has very clear descriptions referring to whether the story is about abortion or not. From the various implications as to the seriousness of their problem to how the symbols provided in the story all relate to purity and fertility. Based on Jig’s hard decision to choose, one can see how the character of Jig can be very pregnant and truly affected by the operation that is claimed to be simple by the American. The American, pushing her because he has an incentive – his old life, does not want to change the mood of his life. The drinking, the travelling, the sigh tseeing – all gone if she chooses to stay with the child. Although the term abortion is never stated, Hemingway could have chosen to omit the word to create a stronger story, increasing hostility amongst readers. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. HillsShow MoreRelatedHills Like White Elephants : A Critical Analysis1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. He was also touched by the hopelessness of women and how their thinkingRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Hills Like White Elephants1437 Words   |  6 Pagesemotionally-driven) remarks that are made. For instance, when it is first mentioned that the girl stares off into the hills, she states that the hills look like white elephants, to which the man replies, almost indifferently, â€Å"I’ve never seen one,† to which the girl replies, â€Å"No, you wouldn’t have.† (804) The man then replies that what she says about him never (seeing a hill that looks like white elephants) doesn’t prove any thing. This exchange is only three relatively short lines; through this, however, one canRead MoreCritical Analysis on Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay575 Words   |  3 Pages The thing that makes, Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway such a powerful story is the subtlety with which it is told. Hemingway is commenting on subject matter which for the time would have been considered taboo, but does so without actually spelling it out for the reader. As the characters sit together drinking beer and talking, it becomes immediately apparent that there is something weighty between them and as the conversation continues, the reader can feel pressure building betweenRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Hills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1089 Words   |  5 Pagesentire generation of aspiring writers who came after him. Hemingway’s short and economical style is perhaps best displayed in his earlier work, most notably in his short stories, and one of his ea rliest, and most famous, short stories is â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† The story is about two people who are simply referred to as ‘the American’ and ‘the girl,’ at a train station, waiting to catch the next express to Barcelona; they have drinks as they wait and they talk about the seemingly mundane, butRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway.1497 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Critical Reading of Literature in English Critical Analysis of the short story ‘Hills like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. Word Count: 1367 Hills like White Elephants – Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Will Jig have the abortion and stay with the man; will Jig have the abortion and leave the man; or will Jig not have the abortion and win the man over to her point of view?† (Hashmi, N, 2003). These are the three different scenarios that have beenRead Moreâ€Å"the Lottery† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† Regardless of the type of society people live in controversial topics and cowardly individuals can create conflict. The stories â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway implement this concept. â€Å"The Lottery† is about a small town that holds an annual lottery in which the winner will be killed. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† is the story of a couple’s discussion over the decision they must make of whether orRead More Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story published in 1927 that takes place in a train station in Spain with a man and a woman discussing an operation. Most of the story is simply dialogue between the two characters, the American and Jig. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must decide whether or not to have an abortion. Certain themes arise from this story such as choices and consequences, doubtRead MoreEssay about Modernism: Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1578 Words   |  7 Pagesthe restricted human spirit. It had no trust in the moral conventions and codes of the past. One of the examples of modernism, that breaks the conventions and traditions of literature prior to Modernism, is Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†. The short story uses plot, symbolism, setting, dialogue, and a new style of writing to allow human spirit to experiment with meaning a nd interpretation. Some of the characteristics of Modernism are: a desire to break conventions and establishedRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, a Theme Analysis Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesHemmingway uses time, place, and symbolism in Hills like White Elephants to intensify the central dilemma in a story about a man and a woman deciding on whether to go through with an abortion. Although a literal reading of the title may not seem to have any relation to the story, the title is rich in implications. Critics suggest that Hills refers to the shape of a womans stomach when pregnant, and Websters 21st Century Dictionary defines white elephant as: [An] awkward, useless possession. Read MoreThe Tell Tale Heart Analysis1295 Words   |  6 PagesIt can also be said that the style utilizes realistic techniques using narratives with surreal or dreamlike elements. An example of Magic realism in Sherman Alexie’s short story is how Thomas Builds-the-fire jumped off the roof and flapped his arms lik e an eagle. They describes him as â€Å"flying†. The story also likens his broken arm to that of a broken â€Å"wing†. Sherman Alexie uses this technique as he is an Indigenous American with ancestry for many different Native American tribes. What are the characteristics

Project Plan Example - 1502 Words

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRAINING CENTER University of the Philippines PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROJECT PLAN PROJECT SUMMARY Project title: WEB-BASED BUS TICKETING SYSTEM FOR VICTORY LINER Project description: The Web based bus ticketing with SMS applications is a system designed and developed specifically for Victory Liner Bus Corporation. It consists of two (2) major parts, namely: the employee page; and the customer page. The employees page is intended only for the bus company‘s employee. Users can access the site with the use of account privileges given by the administrator. They have specific modules to access based on their given rights. Customer’s page is the e- ticket feature found on the company’s website. The†¦show more content†¦1. Develop and implement a system that has the following capabilities: a. Sells tickets online or through mobile phones; b. Accepts G-cash or credit card payments; c. Shows and checks bus trips, routes, and the number of available seats on a real time basis; d. Monitors drivers, bus trips and sales easily; and e. Generates reports at any time. PROJECT OUTPUTS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS List down and briefly describe the outputs to be produced for the achievement of each of the project objectives. Outputs are results or products that are â€Å"delivered† in order to ensure project success. Several outputs may be necessary to attain an objective. In this section, and for each desired output, specify performance indicators. Performance indicators spell out the desired quality, nature and/or content of the expected output. Expected output (deliverable) Performance indicators Survey: Survey current consultants and clients to help determine desired content and features for the website. 20 survey results Files for templates: The web-based system will include templates when the system is first implemented, and it will have the capacity to store hundreds of documents. 100 files Examples of completed templates: The web-based system will include examples of projects that have used the templates available on the site. 100 templates Files for tools: The system will include information on how to use several project management tools, including theShow MoreRelatedProject Plan Outline Essay example5454 Words   |  22 PagesProject Management Plan Template This document is an annotated outline for a Project Management Plan, adapted from the PMI Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and IEEE Standard for Project Management Plans. The Project Management Plan is considered to be a â€Å"Best Practice† template by the ETS Enterprise Program Management Office (EPMO). The template is designed to address items for all sizes of projects. For small projects, it may be appropriate to omit sections. For unique projectsRead MoreSubway Project Plan Overview Essay example10336 Words   |  42 PagesAbstract This project entails opening two Subway Restaurant franchises. The project is described and potential problems identified. The mission, scope, and measuring the progress of the project are also discussed. The first step is applying to Subway for a franchise. Once the application has been accepted, the real work begins. Using Microsoft Project, each phase of the project can be monitored to ensure successful completion. Outline I. Project Plan Overview A. Description of the project 5 Read MoreTechnical Assessment : What Technology Does This Business? Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pagesof the skills you have that are useful to the business and how hard or easy it will be for you to learn and acquire such skills. Ease of entry. This refers to the costs of entering the business and the blocks or hindrances that might exist. For example, a car wash that you can run from your own home could be relatively inexpensive to start, but if there are others already providing that service in your area, you may hesitate to offer the same type of business. Uniqueness. This does not necessarilyRead MoreMy Work Based Learning Is The Popular Gourmet Hamburger Chain2557 Words   |  11 Pagesweek to coincide with my university studies. The Workplace Project Choosing a Project When faced with the task of carrying out a project in my workplace I found it challenging to think of a suitable one to carry out, I could argue that the reason behind this way of thinking is because Byron is a nationwide company and I was in the mindset that a business of this scale would not have any issues that could be solved by a small project. I started to form several ideas when I began to think aboutRead MoreRequirements Management Process Area ( Reqm )2795 Words   |  12 PagesManagement process area (REQM) The purpose of Requirements Management is to manage a projects requirements of its products and components. It also is used to align the requirements and project plans. Specific goals of the process area are based around understanding the requirements, obtaining commitment to them, making changes to them as they evolve, keeping traceability to the products and making sure the plans and products are aligned to requirements. The organisation must understand what the requirementsRead MoreProject Management : Planning And Scheduling1039 Words   |  5 PagesPlanning is always helpful for any project even its small or big project. A project without planning has negative impact on their result. Proper planning will consider all task before implementing them into business and can give idea about all possibilities. It can help to break big task into small task and make process smoother. Planning is helping project manager to use their past knowledge in future project. Project planning is the process where project manager decide all the steps to implementRead MoreProject Management1673 Words   |  7 Pagesone example. Product-oriented processes are those, which focus on the tangible results of the project. They require specific domain knowledge, tools, and techniques in order to complete the work. An example would be the creation of a software application package. 4. Describe the initiating processes. Give one example of an initiating process to support a particular phase of oil exploration project methodology. The initiating process signals the beginning of the project or phaseRead MoreGuidelines For Improving Leadership Skills1357 Words   |  6 Pagesacting in the role of project manager? All projects need a central figure who has been involved with a project since its inception. The Project Manager (PM) works closely with the sponsor about what is the sponsors required outcome and to develop the project charter. The PM would supervise and advise staff who are involved in the project and monitor risks, while not all staff may report to the PM directly they will be responsible to the PM for completing assigned project tasks. . The PM is beRead MoreImplementing Project Management Techniques Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages There are many methods and techniques for a project manager (PM) can use to run a successful project. Some of these include: identifying the stakeholder’s roles and responsibilities, tracking measureable business outcomes, apply project controls and view monitoring the dynamics of a working project. These project management techniques are used in order to improve the project model in a baseline project plan. As a PM employs these techniques it can help keep track and account for items more efficientlyRead MoreProject Managers Develop Risk Management993 Words   |  4 PagesProject managers develop risk management plans in order to identify, classify, quantify, and mitigate known and unknown risks in a project (Williams, 2004, p. 1). These plan include risk assessment, mitigation, and continual assessment and evaluation during the completion of the project. In IT-related projects, IT project managers have to assess and evaluate numerous technical risks. Technical risks are the possible occurrence of failing functionality and performance that has occurred due to poor

The Shareholder Value Triple Play

Question: Explain how it ties into the strategic management concept. Answer: The article, The Shareholder Value Triple Play is an interesting read that discusses about the resources and the capabilities that the organizations should hold. Authors mentioned that organizations should develop their core competency or Unique Selling Proposition through its resources and assets. The article says that employees are the biggest assets for service-based organizations. The success of failure of firms operating in service industry depends a lot on the capabilities of employees and the customer satisfaction depends on the customer-employees interaction. The article is based on the consumer good market. Many large, well-established companies in the food and beverage and broader consumer goods industries are struggling to deliver compelling shareholder returns. This is because the organizations are not able to develop core competency. Authors highlighted that the core competency of the organizations should be the one that is difficult to imitate. For example, Apple has th e core competency of innovation. The competitors cannot imitate the unique design and the performance of i-Phone. If an organization has the core competency of innovation then the competitors should not easily imitate that innovation. Likewise, the organizations can have the capabilities to produce the goods and service at low cost. In that case, the cost leadership would be the core competency of the company. In such a case, it is important that the competitors should not be able to produce the goods and the service at same cost. Likewise some companies can have the capability to produce unique products. In that case, it is possible that the competitors should not be able to produce the same good. References Tom Hansson Abhijeet Shekdar. (2016). The Shareholder Value Triple Play. Retrieved from: https://www.strategy-business.com/article/The-Shareholder-Value-Triple-Play

Swan Lake Higher Learning by John Singleton Essay Example For Students

Swan Lake Higher Learning by John Singleton Essay In the 1995 movie, Higher Learning, John Singleton gives evidence to numerous sociological issues. In which, Singleton emphasizes that our society needs to be re-socialized, so that society as a whole can overlook all of our preconceived stereotypes and norms, and pass judgement on people not based on the color of their skin or beliefs. As such, three major, and five minor sociological issues arise in the film. The major sociological issue is the use of symbols. Symbolic Interaction asserts that society is composed of symbols, which use to establish meaning and relationships, to coordinate actions, and to develop a view of the world and the self Henslin, p. 15. Singleton uses many examples of symbols throughout the film. For example, the statue of Columbus signifies the need for a global change in attitude. Disproving the common theory that the world was flat, Columbus revolutionized societys outlook on their contemporary lifestyle. Singleton uses this revolutionary figure to signify that universities and other such institutions can also be used as avenues for a global mindset change, by learning. We will write a custom essay on Swan Lake Higher Learning by John Singleton specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another symbol used throughout the film is the act of running. Malik is portrayed throughout the film as running, signifying a progression from a typical gangbanger to an educated athlete. Conversely, periods throughout the film where Malik is off the track team or not running, Singleton digresses Maliks education and reverts the character back to a hoodlum. Evidence of this is when Malik is kicked off the track team, and Dr. Phipps informs Malik that his paper is not up to university standards. Another symbol strongly used in the film is the character Deja. Dejas character exemplifies tolerance and innocence lost. She dedicates her efforts on studying, yet manages to fulfill her role on the track team; whereas, Malik loses his motivation for schooling after being depicted as just a thoroughbred. Deja throughout the film encourages Malik to make use of his opportunity and not to succumb to his pride. Likewise, the ending of the film would not have brought forth the same emotions in the audience if any of the other characters had died. Deja represented the studious and hard working pupil, and her death signified an innocent lost. Another major sociological issue arising in the film is the role of groups. Groups mold basic perception and ideals, and these groups become part of each members identity and the lens through which a member views society Henslin, p. 101. An example of this from the film is when Fudge categorizes the student body. Fudge enlightens Malik to the fact that all the Asian students socialize with each other, all of the white students socialize with each other, and how Malik being a black student, should congregate with the rest of the black student body. Even though all of the students preside on the same campus, or a secondary group, the general student body breaks down into more individual primary groups. Moreover, Singleton illustrates how peer pressure affects individuals in these primary groups. For example, Remys skinhead friends coerce him into beating people up on Halloween. At first Remy seemed shocked by the actions of his friends, but Scott assures Remy that they are just ethnically cleansing society. As such, Remy soon partakes in the assault on the fellow students. Another group example Singleton uses is the process of groupthink. Irving Janis coined the term, groupthink, as a narrowing of thought by people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer and that they suggestion of alternatives is a sign of disloyalty. Singleton provides a good example of groupthink when Fudge sets off to vindicate Monets honor after having been called a black bitch. Fudges friends need no explanation on what was said, or by whom, only that there was an injustice done. The last major sociological issue arising in Higher Learning is the Authoritarian Personality. .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 , .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 .postImageUrl , .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 , .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281:hover , .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281:visited , .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281:active { border:0!important; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281:active , .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281 .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12b01cb76d6f258e1938c06eedc8e281:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Learning Styles (3167 words) EssayTheodor Adorno used the term authoritarian personality for people who are prejudiced and rank high on scales of conformity, intolerance, insecurity, respect for authority, and submissiveness to superiors. The character of Remy, is a classic example of having an authoritarian personality. Remy is in desperate need of attaching himself to something or someone. Throughout the film, Singleton depicts Remy as a loser who says inappropriate things at the wrong time. For example, after Kristen rushes out of the fraternity, Remy walks over to Billy and congratulates him on gettinglaid. However, Remy misinterprets the scenario and is deemed an outcast by the majority of the fraternity brothers. Another example of Remys insecurity is when he blames the minorities in his class for his failure at becoming an engineer. Another character with authoritarian characteristics is Kristen. She too seems desperate to fit into the college lifestyle. Singleton exemplifies this when Kristen is talking to Dr. Phipps about her term paper. Phipps informs Kristen that her work lacks an argument, and she should argue on her beliefs and not what she thinks her professors want to hear. Soon there after, Dr. Phipps states a thesis statement that Kristen could have argued, and Kristen thanks the professor for the idea. Phipps informs Kristen that is his argument, and encourages her to generate her own ideas and not to argue someone elses beliefs. The final character Singleton portrayed with an authoritarian personality is Malik. Numerous times during the film, Malik is shown asking for someone elses opinion on what course of action he should take. For example, at the end of the film, Dr. Phipps tells Malik on how impressed he is on the improvement of Maliks paper, especially through all of the tragedies. Malik asks Dr. Phipps on what does he think the right course of action would be regarding Maliks future. Malik is characterized as a person who needs the reassurance of someone else to ensure that he is on course. Singleton also sheds a light on some minor sociological issues. One example is deviance. Deviance is the violation of rules and norms Henslin, p. 126. An e xample of deviance from the film is the date rape of Kristen. Although Kristen seems to originally give consent to have sex, she asks Billy to stop and put on a condom. Since Billy showed no signs of succumbing to her wishes, she insisted that he stop. This disregard for Kristens welfare, not to mention the possibility of transmitting numerous sexually transmitted diseases, constitutes rape. An additional minor issue is social status. Social status is the position that someone occupies in society or a social group Henslin, p. 83. An example of a social status originating from the film is the change in attitude in Remy upon joining the skinhead group. Before joining this group, Remy seemed to lack confidence and self-awareness; however, after joining the group his confidence seemed to grow as did his self-awareness. Further minor issues arising from Singletons movie is subcultures. A subculture has values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture Henslin, p. 43. An instance from Higher Learning is Scotts group. Singleton illustrates this particular group to be either a skinhead or neo-nazi group. Either of these groups believes in white supremacy, and wishes to achieve an Aryan race. Scotts group shows numerous signs of deviance against minorities and ascribes to hate literature. An additional minor issue emerging from the dramatization is gender. The term gender infers those social characteristics that a society considers proper for its males and females Henslin, p. 229. Singleton provides an example of this when Kristen is raped. Singleton shows Kristen as a weak, helpless woman unable to defend herself. Conversely, Singleton shows how this weak female needs a strong male to defend her honor. .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 , .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 .postImageUrl , .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 , .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187:hover , .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187:visited , .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187:active { border:0!important; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187:active , .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187 .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ec47540fd7e6af680ae5a87f9dff187:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The butterfly effect EssayThis is illustrated by Fudge going over to the fraternity house and dragging Billy out by the scruff of his neck and forcing an apology out of him. The movie, Higher Learning, is a not-so-subtle movie illustrating numerous sociological issues. John Singleton is trying to show how societys preconceived notions affect the world we live in, and how society at large should unlearn; however, this task is not easily achieved. Only through learning can individuals shed some light on creating a socially responsible society. Unfortunately, there are too many people who would rather live in the dark.

Biography of Zachary Taylor, 12th U.S. President

Biography of Zachary Taylor, 12th U.S. President Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784–July 9, 1850) was the 12th president of the United States. Born in Orange County, Virginia, he grew up near Louisville, Kentucky. Taylors family built its wealth over the years, but as a young man he lacked the funds for a college education. His decision to enter the military helped catapult him into the White House with the nickname Old Rough and Ready. Though he served only a short period of time as president, he was well-liked and respected. A theory that he was assassinated has been debunked. Fast Facts: Zachary Taylor Known For: 12th president of the United StatesAlso Known As: Old Rough and ReadyBorn: November 24, 1784 in Barboursville, VirginiaParents: Sarah Dabney (Strother) Taylor, Richard TaylorDied: July 9, 1850 in Washington, D.C.Education: Grammar school and home educationAwards and Honors:  Appeared on postage stamps; namesake for several roads, counties, highwaysSpouse: Margaret Mackall Smith,Children: Sarah Knox Taylor, Richard Taylor, Mary Elizabeth Bliss, Octavia Pannell, Ann Mackall, Margaret SmithNotable Quote: I have no private purpose to accomplish, no party objectives to build up, no enemies to punish- nothing to serve but my country. Early Years Zachary Taylor was born on November 24, 1784 in Barboursville, Virginia, and was the third of nine children of Richard Taylor and Sarah Dabney Strother. The family inherited a plantation in Virginia but, unable to make the land productive, they moved to a tobacco plantation near Louisville on the Kentucky frontier. It was there that Taylor learned the frontier skills of shooting, farming, and horsemanship- skills that would serve him well in later life. While his father, a slave owner, became increasingly wealthy, Zachary attended only grammar school and did not go to college. Taylor married  Margaret Peggy Mackall Smith on June 21, 1810. She was raised in a wealthy tobacco plantation family in Maryland. Together they had three daughters who lived to maturity: Ann Mackall; Sarah Knox, who married Jefferson Davis (the president of the Confederacy during the Civil War) in 1835; and Mary Elizabeth. They also had one son named Richard. A daughter named Octavia died during childhood. Military Career Taylor was in the Army for four decades, from 1808 until he assumed the presidency in 1849; at that time he had the rank of major general. During the War of 1812, he defended Fort Harrison against Native American forces. He was promoted to major during the war but briefly resigned at the end of the war before rejoining in 1816. By 1832, he was named a colonel. During the Black Hawk War, he constructed Fort Dixon. He took part in the Second Seminole War and was named commander of all U.S. Forces in Florida as a result of the role he played during the Battle of Lake Okeechobee. In 1840 he was assigned to a position in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where he made his home. Mexican War, 1846–1848 Zachary Taylor played a major role in the Mexican War, successfully defeating Mexican forces in September 1846 and allowing them two months armistice upon their retreat. President James K. Polk, frustrated with Taylors clemency toward the Mexicans, ordered General Winfield Scott to take over and lead many of Taylors troops into immediate action against Mexico. Taylor, however, ignored orders and engaged Santa Annas forces against Polks directives. He forced Santa Annas withdrawal and became a national hero at the same time. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican War, was signed in 1848; by that time Taylor had become a military hero and was the candidate of choice for the Whig Party. During this period of tension between North and South, Taylor combined a military record that impressed the North with slave ownership, which attracted southerners. Becoming President In 1848, Taylor was nominated by the Whigs to run for president with Millard Fillmore as his running mate (he did not learn about his nomination until weeks later). He was challenged by Democrat Lewis Cass. The main campaign issue was whether to ban or allow slavery in territories captured during the Mexican War. Taylor, a dedicated supporter of the Union, did not express an opinion, while Cass supported the idea of allowing residents of each state to decide. Former President Martin Van Buren, leader of the Free Soil abolitionist party, entered the race and took votes from Cass, allowing Taylor to win with 163 of 290 electoral votes. Events and Accomplishments of Taylors Presidency Taylor served as president from March 5, 1849, until July 9, 1850. During his administration, the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty was made between the U.S. and Great Britain. The agreement stated that canals across Central America were to be neutral and outlawed the colonization in Central America. It stood until 1901. Taylor himself was a slave owner and thus, for a period of time, he had significant support from the South. He was, however, dedicated to preserving the Union and believed that the best way to ensure the continuity of the Union was to avoid extending slavery into the territories. He disagreed with Congress over the question of whether California should be admitted to the Union as a free state; his successor Millard Filmore was more sympathetic to the Southern cause. By 1850, Taylor started suggesting he would be willing to take up arms to preserve the Union. The Compromise of 1850 was introduced by Henry Clay; according to History.com, the Compromise traded California’s admission to the Union with the abolition of the slave trade in  Washington, D.C. (supported by abolitionists), and a strong fugitive slave law (supported by southerners) while allowing New Mexico and  Utah  to be established as territories. Taylor was unimpressed by the Compromise and showed signs that he might veto it. Death On a hot day in July, Taylor ate only raw vegetables, cherries, and milk. He contracted gastroenteritis soon after, along with violent cramps. He died on July 8, 1850, at the White House, and Vice President Millard Fillmore was sworn in as president the next day.  Some believed that Taylor might have been assassinated by poison. His body was exhumed in 1991, and testing concluded there were no signs of arsenic present in his remains (though its possible that other poisons could have caused his death). Legacy Zachary Taylor was not known for his education and he had no political background. He was elected solely on his reputation as a war hero. As such, his short time in office was not one full of major accomplishments outside of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. However, if Taylor had lived and in fact vetoed the Compromise of 1850, the events of the mid-19th century would have been very different. Sources The Editors of Encyclopaedia Brittanica. â€Å"Zachary Taylor.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 7 Mar. 2019.Editors, History.com. â€Å"Zachary Taylor.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 29 Oct. 2009.â€Å"Zachary Taylor.†Ã‚  The White House, The United States Government.

Essay 2 - see attachment for topic and readings

2 - see attachment for topic and readings - Essay Example This view divides cities by class into areas occupied by those who control the means of production i.e. the bourgeoisie as well as the proletariat who works for a living. The Marxist view of the development of cities certainly takes class very seriously as there are rich neighborhoods and poor areas which are demarcated quite strongly by the developments taking place in a city. With time, the changes in the development of the city took factories out of the city centers and moved them to the outer edges of the city limits. Gary, Indiana is used as an example of that occurrence and the cause given for this change is that the factory owners wanted to avoid the presence of unions on their factory floors. Unions were difficult to form and maintain outside the city limits therefore unions could be avoided in this manner and control over the workers could be maintained with a capitalist agenda (Gordon, 1978). The same ideas are supported by Harris & Lewis (2001) but they given other economic reasons for the changes in the cityscapes of North America. They suggest that polynucleation was the reason for these changes and this was caused by the diversification of population and the lack of availability of workers of one type or another in a given location. Low prices for land as well as labor also helped the cause of those manufacturers that were ready to offset the cost of moving their production units by gaining access to cheaper tools for producing their goods. Thus the reasons for the development of our cities as they have are not based on social theory, but rather an economic agenda. Perhaps the most important point made in the both the essays is the idea that technology will affect the development of cities in the future as it has done so in the past. For example, the advent of the automobile meant that people could easily cover a lot of distance on their own without the use of trains or other transport and that meant that they

Analysis Of HR Strategy Of Seagate Technologies Essay

Analysis Of HR Strategy Of Seagate Technologies - Essay Example Apart from that the company also has its relationship with potential distributors who sell their products to other small OEMs which have their operations in manufacturing and integrating systems on small scale (Seagate-website A, n.d.). The primary focus of the company remains on their core activities of research and development with emphasis on the customer relationship and quality management. The company has its well developed long and short-term plans which support its decision-making process. This indicates that the company has significant involvement of strategic approaches into its business functions and operations. The present case is the analysis of the human resource strategy and its evaluation considering the various internal and external factors of the organization. The evaluation of the case also analyzes the roles and responsibilities of organizational members towards the successful implementation of the human resource strategies of the organization. Apart from the organizational point of view, the strategies have also been assessed on the basis of the factors which are external to the organization but have the potential impact over the decision-making process and the human resource strategy of the organization. The strategic approach towards the human resource management has resulted into many positive outcomes for organizations but still, it has remained a debatable issue in terms of its applicability and effectiveness. Organizations still find it difficult to understand the co-factors which relate to the SHRM. Sometimes authors consider SHRM as a concept within itself for human resource management only while some researchers have indicated that SHRM has its relation to the organizational effectiveness.

Engagement Letter Apollo Case Essay Example for Free

Engagement Letter Apollo Case Essay Anderson, Olds and Watershed (AOW) will audit the balance sheet of Apollo Shoes as of December 31, 2011 and the related statements of income, retained earnings and cash flows for the year then ended. Our audit will be conducted in accordance with the Standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Our audit will include examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used ad significant judgments and estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. An audit includes obtaining an understanding of internal control sufficient to plan the audit, including making risk assessments, and to determine the nature and extent of audit procedures to be performed. An audit is not designed to provide assurance on internal control or to identify control deficiencies. However, we are responsible for communicating to the Board of Directors of Apollo Shoes significant deficiencies and material weakness in internal control that come to our attention during the course of our audit. AOW is required to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatements, whether caused by error or fraud. However the audit does not guarantee the accuracy of the financial statements. Even though the audit is properly planned and performed in accordance with the PCAOB standards, an unavoidable risk exists that some material misstatements may not be detected due to inherent limitations of an audit, together with the inherent limitations of internal control. Consequently, our audit is not designed to detect errors or fraud that is immaterial to the financial statements. At your request, but pending approval by your Board of Directors, we will prepare all required federal tax returns and the state franchise tax returns. We will also provide your staff with a list of schedules needed by our staff during the audit. The delivery dates have been discussed and mutually agreed upon. We understand that your staff will prepare all schedules in the package, all financial statements and notes thereto, and the Form 10-K for our review. The scope of our services however, does not include preparation of any of these statements. GA-1.2 Fees Our billing for services set forth in this Engagement Letter, which we have estimated will total $750,000 discussed with you on October 18, 2011. For the services rendered the due date of the audit report will be February 15, 2012. Matters that can cause work in excess of fee estimate We want you to receive the maximum value for our professional services and to perceive that our fees are reasonable and fair. The following matters explain what issues arise most frequently: Changing requirements Although we attempt to plan our work to anticipate the requirements that will affect our engagement, three types of situations make this difficult. Sometimes, these new requirements are not communicated in time for us to anticipate their effects in our preliminary planning. Secondly, in spite of our anticipation and planning, the work necessary to comply with new requirements may be underestimated. Finally, in some instances, you may decide that it is advantageous to you to have them applied immediately. Incorrect accounting applications or error in your records We generally form our fee estimates on the expectation that your accounting records are in good order so that our work can be completed based upon our normal testing and other procedures. Should we find numerous errors, incomplete records or disorganized bookkeeping methods, we will have to do additional work to determine the necessary corrections have been made and properly reflected in the financial statements. Lack of audit facilitation or timely preparation To minimize your costs, we plan the means by which your personnel can facilitate the audit (e.g., what schedule they will prepare, how to prepare them, the supporting documents that need to be provided). We also discuss matters such as availability of your key personnel, deadlines and working conditions. Therefore, if your personnel are unable, for whatever reason, to provide these materials on a timely basis, it may substantially increase the work we must do to complete the engagement within the established deadlines. Unforeseen events Even though we communicate frequently with clients and plan our engagement with management and their staff, unforeseen events can occur. Examples include the following: accounting problems, litigation, changes in your business or business environment, contractual or other difficulties with suppliers, third-party service providers, or customers, etc. when those circumstances occur, additional time is needed to provide you with assistance and complete our engagement in accordance with professional standards. GA-1.3 Authorization This Engagement Letter sets forth the entire understanding between Apollo Shoes and Anderson, Olds and Watershed regarding the services described therein. Please confirm your acceptance of this Engagement Letter by signing below and returning one copy to us in the enclosed self-addressed envelope. We appreciate the opportunity to continue to work with Apollo Shoes and ensure you that this engagement will be given our closest attention.

Aesthetic Response to Only Justice Can Stop a Curse :: Only Justice Can Stop a Curse Essays

Aesthetic Response to Only Justice Can Stop a Curse Reflecting back on the piece that I have just read, I can only think of the extremity of desperation that the two authors were going through to make them feel the way that they did: that suicide would possibly be better than living in a "white man's world". If these powerful documents were not enough to let people come to the realization of how bad African-Americans had it (and still do to a degree) then I do not know what could possibly be more convincing. I cannot stop thinking about the atrocities that the woman in the first writing was calling upon to spite the whites in which had caused her so much pain. Though seemingly extreme, I can clearly recall an instance in history where tactics such as these denouncements and curses actually worked. In Egypt, Mosses did the same thing in order to lead his people (the Jewish slaves) out of bondage so that they could find their own land in which to dwell freely. The curses, though wishing pain and suffering upon their offenders, were not unlike the ten plagues that Moses called upon the Egyptians, the last of the ten being the death of the youngest son of all the families. It was then that the Jewish people were given the permission to leave Egypt in search of a new life. These documents remind me much of that because, like the Jews, these blacks are searching for their freedom in a white world in which it does not exist. They feel as if their last resort and the one that will finally bring about results in these denouncements and prayers to God. The second document alludes to a statement that I remember from the movie The Matrix. The author states that it is the whit mans goal not only to dominate the country, but the planet and universe as well. In the movie, one of the men stated that the human race (and in this case, the white race) are like viruses, they multiply and then move on to consume every natural resource in an area until it is time to move on once again and multiply and then the cycle of destruction continues on.

Psychology Paper; How Stress Affects the Human Mind

My topic of choice is stress. My first article informs you about the effects stress can have on your body and what you can do to avoid stress to keep your body healthy. (http://www. webmd. com/mental-health/effects-of-stress-on-your-body). The Effects of Stress on Your Body Stress is the body's reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or response. The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental, and emotional responses. Stress is a normal part of life that happens to you and many things that you do yourself put stress on your body.You can experience stress from your environment, your body, and your thoughts. How Does Stress Affect Health? The human body is designed to experience stress and react to it. Stress can be positive, keeping us alert and ready to avoid danger. Stress becomes negative when a person faces continuous challenges without relief or relaxation between challenges. As a result, the person becomes overworked and stress-related tension builds. Stress t hat continues without relief can lead to a condition called distress — a negative stress reaction.  Read also Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder  (PTSD).Distress can lead to physical symptoms including headaches, upset stomach, elevated blood pressure, chest pain, and problems sleeping. Research suggests that stress also can bring on or worsen certain symptoms or diseases. Stress also becomes harmful when people use alcohol, tobacco, or drugs to try and relieve their stress. Unfortunately, instead of relieving the stress and returning the body to a relaxed state, these substances tend to keep the body in a stressed state and cause more problems. Consider the following: * Forty-three percent of all adults suffer  adverse health effects from stress. Seventy-five percent to 90% of all doctor's office visits are for stress-related ailments and complaints. * Stress can play a part in problems such as headaches, high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes, skin conditions, asth ma, arthritis, depression, and anxiety. * The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) declared stress a hazard of the workplace. Stress costs American industry more than $300 billion annually. * The lifetime prevalence of an emotional disorder is more than 50%, often due to chronic, untreated stress reactions.My second article below, talks about the myths of stress. What we should believe and the other factors of stress that are simply not true or unrelated to stress. (http://www. apa. org/helpcenter/stress-myths. aspx). Six myths surround stress. Dispelling them enables us to understand our problems and then take action against them. Let's look at these myths. Myth 1:   Stress is the same for everybody. Completely wrong. Stress is different for each of us. What is stressful for one person may or may not be stressful for another; each of us responds to stress in an entirely different way.Myth 2:   Stress is always bad for you. According to this view, zero stress mak es us happy and healthy. Wrong. Stress is to the human condition what tension is to the violin string: too little and the music is dull and raspy; too much and the music is shrill or the string snaps. Stress can be the kiss of death or the spice of life. The issue, really, is how to manage it. Managed stress makes us productive and happy; mismanaged stress hurts and even kills us. Myth 3:   Stress is everywhere, so you can't do anything about it. Not so. You can plan your life so that stress does not overwhelm you.Effective planning involves setting priorities and working on simple problems first, solving them, and then going on to more complex difficulties. When stress is mismanaged, it's difficult to prioritize. All your problems seem to be equal and stress seems to be everywhere. Myth 4:   The most popular techniques for reducing stress are the best ones. Again, not so. No universally effective stress reduction techniques exist. We are all different, our lives are different, our situations are different, and our reactions are different. Only a comprehensive program tailored to the individual works.Myth 5:   No symptoms, no stress. Absence of symptoms does not mean the absence of stress. In fact, camouflaging symptoms with medication may deprive you of the signals you need for reducing the strain on your physiological and psychological systems. Myth 6:   Only major symptoms of stress require attention. This myth assumes that the â€Å"minor† symptoms, such as headaches or stomach acid, may be safely ignored. Minor symptoms of stress are the early warnings that your life is getting out of hand and that you need to do a better job of managing stress.My articles presented facts on stress I was unaware of. Such as how a little stress can be good for you, because it keeps you alert and well managed. An individual with too much stress could have quite the opposite effect and become severely depressed and even eventually, lead to death. Another thing I came across is that everybody can have stress; however, everybody deals with stress in different ways. The stress I have most likely isn’t the same kind of stress that my parents have, and that means we all cope with stress with different techniques.The stress that I most often experience has to do with school, work and dealing with my addict mother. From what I’ve read, school and work are some of the most frequent stressors that a person my age has to deal with. However, living with a severe drug addict has increased my stress in work and school exponentially. My articles also explain the negative and harmful effects that stress can have on a person’s body. If someone is too overwhelmed with stress they then start experiencing a condition known as distress.Distress is followed by headaches, upset stomach, elevated blood pressure, chest pains and problems sleeping. When I’m stressed and have a lot on my mind, I find that I have difficulty sleeping. Th e lack of sleep then results in more stress and it becomes a vicious cycle. Also, seeing how people become stressed from being overworked, some people turn to substances to compensate and relieve stress. However, research has shown that substances can worsen the effects of stress tremendously. Substances such as alcohol keep the body in a stressed state and eventually cause more problems.Any form of stress that you may be experiencing should be brought to attention. Covering up stress with medication and not treating the source could be damaging in the long run. The minor symptoms of stress are signs that your life is getting somewhat out of hand, you need to make necessary adjustments for your mental and physical well-being in order to avoid further stress. This is what is recommended anyways, but this is said so much easier than done. It’s insane how many people do not take these precautions and let their lives slip through their fingers.Some Forty three percent of adults s uffer health effects from stress and seventy five to ninety percent of doctor office visits are stress related, and if stress is camouflaged or ignored it can lead to an emotion disorder. Fifty percent of emotional disorders are the result of untreated stress. As I said earlier, everybody experiences stress differently, therefore, not everybody will have the same exact regiment to treat stress as others have. Stress not only affects you, but also affects the people at home and in your work environment. Stress can cause even the closest of relationships to diminish.Stress is also present in your work atmosphere. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration declared stress a hazard of the workplace. Stress costs American industry more than $300 billion annually. Reading several articles pertaining to stress and my knowledge from class has presented me with different outlooks on how to avoid stress and more importantly how to handle stress in every task. By doing so, I can prevent myself from harming my body, mentally or physically. It’s imperative for people to realize that stress is an inevitable factor of life and that there are ways to cope with it.

Critically Analyze The Diversity Management At Multicultural Organizations Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1922 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? This literature review is aimed to critically analyze the diversity management at multicultural organizations. Existing theories, studies and research regarding diversity management at workplaces are intended to be explored and their effectiveness evaluated. The implementation of various diversity management practices will be examined with the help of literature to determine; the significance of diversity management at both large and small scale organizations, its benefits, chief factors contributing to diversity management and the issues and challenges pertaining to successful diversity management implementation. A part of the review will be focused on how diversity management can be successfully implemented. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn from the literature review highlighting the key elements assessed and learned. In todays dynamic, overly complex and ever changing societal structure, diversity has hit almost every small and large organization around the world . Constantly shrinking societies post-colonialism and the modernity being infused in such organizations have added to the complexity of how these diverse populations at workplace can be managed effectively. How diversity is perceived by various researchers differ to some extent. This difference is explained by their narrow and broad scope of diversity. To some, diversity deals with issues including but not limited to classism, racism and sexism (Cross, Katz, Miller, and Seashore, 1994) while for others it concerns more broader meanings like understanding, acknowledging and valuing age, gender, ethnicity, race and spiritual differences among people (Esty, Katharine, Richard G., Marcie S. (1995) and Black (2001). From an organizations perspective, some authors have put it simply as recruitment, retaining and establishing suitable workplace relationships of people belonging from different backgrounds whilst putting all possible efforts in admonishing any anti-social behaviour at workpl ace (Thomas, 1991). Kelly and Dobbin (1998) as noted by Tatli (2011) were amongst the very first scholars to explain this long existing crucial discourse of diversity subsisting in different capacities. The study along with its assumptions according to modern society were based on the Litvins (1997) concerns over the aforementioned complexity of workplaces and how managers can effectively deal with them by adopting different approaches. Conventional study of managing diversity would be one approach to understand the complexity of different practices in existence (Lash, 1999) but there are limitations to what and how much theory and literature can be practically useful to manage this ever changing architecture of diversity. Bauman (2001) opposes Lashs (1999) idea by bringing forth his findings on the uncertain and unpredictable nature of human and their actions under different capacities. According to Bauman (2001) conventional modes of studying human interaction would just not su ffice. The rapidly changing demographics have been put forward by some authors as the primary reason for diversity related concerns and its management awareness in general including Foster and Harris (2005). On the other hand, the perception of diversity management and how much importance it is given can be country specific. This phenomenon can be proved by Miller and Rowneys (1999) study on diversity initiatives in multicultural organizations in Canada where it was suggested that almost 50 percent of the organizations there do not even consider diversity management to be an issue. Reason being the countrys history of accepting and especially promoting cultural differences at both small and large organizations, therefore any diversity related management initiatives would be totally unneeded. What benefits organizations seek from diversity is a diverse workforce which constitutes to the factors like rich cultured skillful manpower but managing this workforce pose greater challe nges to the managers (Greenberg, 2004). Wrench (2007) explained two factors leading to these challenges for managers which are; to ensure a fair and correct treatment of every employee and ensuring effective management of workforce to promote greater rewards for the organization which would ultimately add to its competitive edge. Furthermore, cost advantages attained through lower costs on training is also highlighted by Robinson Dechant (1997) at one separate occasion while analyzing the value in appreciating diversity. Others complimenting these benefits cared to mention that organizations with best practices to manage diversity have a better potential of attracting the best talent from different backgrounds consequently promoting a rich flow of creative ideas and perspectives throughout the organization (Tsui, 1999 and Gutek, 1992). A major focus in both theoretical and practical perspectives regarding the management of diversity at organizations has been the cultural influen ces on their initiatives. Cultural clashes and globalization go hand in hand with the former being a keen focus of many authors and researchers as to better understand the factors contributing to it. Assessing different concepts of culture existing till date, various perceptions have been foregrounded over the passing years. DuPraw Axner (1997) classify culture simply as a tag to distinguish differences between people belonging from different backgrounds while others put culture in its more precise form mentioning it as a set of beliefs, attitudes and values shared by a specific group of people (Scarborough, 1998). While these authors more or less agree with one another on the predominate accounts of culture differences, DuPraw and Axner (1997) believe that people belong to many cultures at once, backing their statement by foregrounding the increasing globalization and diverse societies. Scarborough (1998) disagree with this notion by arguing that; employees learn most of the organ ization culture from their superiors while on individual level people learn about cultures from their parents and their beliefs being reinforced every time set them apart from other cultures, hence both the statements contradict at this point. Furthermore, culture differences at a typical workplace may refer to several types of cultures. This can include the culture of the workers, the managerial culture, and the organization culture itself (Gourlay Soderquist, 1998). These cross-cultural differences can constitute to a whole new set of dimensions for work values and beliefs about work-success, competition, communication between staff, decision making and authority power. As mentioned before in the review, diversity management includes appreciating and promoting values and beliefs, countering prejudice and discrimination and streamlining various positive attributes of diversity for the better workforce output but managing these differences can be a challenge for managers. Esty, Katharine, Richard, and Marcie (1995) mentioning the importance of these attributes for healthy relationships, good moral and productivity at workplace while also warning about the consequences in the cases if and when they are mismanaged. Another notable challenge for the managers while implementing diversity management is relaying on the limited literature and research data available and trying to put the theory into action (Foster and Harris, 2005). Lack of experience on the managers part is found to be an equally major contributor as well. Gender diversity and its effective management is another issue that has also played a vital role in the corporate diversity management. Cox (1994) points gender as a prominent cultural category and a considerably potential factor of conflicts at workplaces and high turnover rates. The prominence of the gender factor in the cultural architecture is evidenced by todays socialized world and consequently women. According to Tsui and OReilly (19 89) women possess very different views from men and at numerous it has been agreed that women exhibit better flexibility and the ability to deal with ambiguity and consequently prove to be better managers then men. This phenomenon can raise several concerns for the male employees such as job insecurity, lower self esteem, work depression jealously and negative competition considering the fact that female employees are now getting equal opportunities and importance at work as men. A study by Wharton and Baron (1987) demonstrated these factors in combined work environments. A good question here could be as to why organizations are bothered about managing gender diversity? A possible answer can be because it affects the overall performance, operational efficiency and company image in general (Welbourne, Cycyota and Ferrante, 2007), all the elements that are crucial in determining the success of any organization. The aforementioned gender segregation related concerns steers the revie w to another aspect of how personalities affect diversity. Personality constitutes to a whole range of factors that affect employee interaction within a workplace. Ewen (2003) mentions Goldberg (1993) who presented four characteristics in Big-Five personality model. Briefly, the model helps evaluate human personality traits by highlighting extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness characteristics in a person. Relating the model with the diversity management implementation and practice at any organization it can be concluded that the employee reactions will widely differ. Those falling under these trait categories will be noticeably more tolerant and flexible towards co-workers demonstrating emotions and actions like kindness, sympathy, being socially active, helpfulness, openness to new ideas etc. On the contrary to this, those falling under the counterparts of these trait categories will promote negative influence at the workplace and consequently adv ersely affecting effective diversity management practices. Having reviewed the importance and factors pertaining to diversity management and their relevant literature, for effective management of diversity at organizations suggestions are also available by various authors to help managers implement the best practices. Authors like Koonce (2001) suggest that managers need to first analyze the consequences of all diversity related ill-affects setting aside their own biases and beliefs. This would allow them to make unbiased and fair decisions whenever required. The author emphasizes on the fact that managers need to be pro-active in order to deflect any anti-social behaviour at workplaces by taking necessary measures in advance. Roosevelt (2001) on another occasion suggests that managers should promote and work towards a work healthy environment to facilitate employee communication and encourage casual and business meetings which would help promote cross-cultural competence amongst the workforce. Moreover, it was pointed out that while there are no hard and fast rules or regulations that guarantee a successful diversity management, there are measures that can if not totally prevent will minimize the damage done by outdated practices and procedures. Cox and Beale (1997) acknowledging the troublesome implementation of diversity management produced a model, Diversity competency model (1997), to help guide the managers. A model they thought would reduce dysfunctional behaviour at workplaces. Based on a three stage approach, the model aims to get the managers aware of the diversity related attributes and acknowledge its importance, understand and acquire knowledge through a cognitive learning process and finally put the leaning into action. The characteristics of the model can be linked with Foster and Harris (2005) mentions about lack of information readily available and inexperienced managers. Such managers can benefit from this model. The model itself not re lying on any theoretical knowledge base fosters Baumans (2001) statement about how practical experience in diversity management bears more impact and productivity as otherwise suggested by Lash (1999) earlier in the review. This review can be concluded with a few arguments that research and studies indicate that the effectiveness of diversity management is widely dependant on the theories and knowledge practically put to action and not merely on the conventional modes of learning i.e. literature. Due to the limitation of such type of learning, many researchers have over the period preferred cognitive learning by recommending the use of models like Cox and Beales (1997) diversity competency model to help the management practically implement the acquired knowledge. It is hence suggested that in the cases where conventional learning modes are no longer effective such alternates be put to use. While it was mentioned that most Canadian organizations pay little importance to diversity management, the importance and benefits were also highlighted to compliment various arguments throughout the literature that stressed over the fact that diversity management should not be neglected and instead further improved to promote positive employee involvement at workplace and interaction with co-workers. Considering the implementation of diversity management practices, various challenges were covered from a managers perspective and suggestions were reviewed accordingly to help ensure a healthier workplace that can effectively combat negative diversity influences at a workplace. Total word count: 1962 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critically Analyze The Diversity Management At Multicultural Organizations Business Essay" essay for you Create order